org.alicebot.server.core.util
Class MersenneTwisterFast

java.lang.Object
  extended by org.alicebot.server.core.util.MersenneTwisterFast
All Implemented Interfaces:
java.io.Serializable

public class MersenneTwisterFast
extends java.lang.Object
implements java.io.Serializable

Mersenne Twister and MersenneTwisterFast

Version 3, based on version MT199937(99/10/29) of the Mersenne Twister algorithm found at The Mersenne Twister Home Page. By Sean Luke, June 2000.

MersenneTwister is a drop-in subclass replacement for java.util.Random. It is properly synchronized and can be used in a multithreaded environment.

MersenneTwisterFast is not a subclass of java.util.Random. It has the same public methods as Random does, however, and it is algorithmically identical to MersenneTwister. MersenneTwisterFast has hard-code inlined all of its methods directly, and made all of them final (well, the ones of consequence anyway). Further, these methods are not synchronized, so the same MersenneTwisterFast instance cannot be shared by multiple threads. But all this helps MersenneTwisterFast achieve over twice the speed of MersenneTwister.

About the Mersenne Twister

This is a Java version of the C-program for MT19937: Integer version. The MT19937 algorithm was created by Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura, who ask: "When you use this, send an email to: matumoto@math.keio.ac.jp with an appropriate reference to your work". Indicate that this is a translation of their algorithm into Java.

Reference. Makato Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura, "Mersenne Twister: A 623-Dimensionally Equidistributed Uniform Pseudo-Random Number Generator", ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 1998, pp 3--30.

About this Version

This version of the code implements the MT19937 Mersenne Twister algorithm, with the 99/10/29 seeding mechanism. The original mechanism did not permit 0 as a seed, and odd numbers were not good seed choices. The new version permits any 32-bit signed integer. This algorithm is identical to the MT19937 integer algorithm; real values conform to Sun's float and double random number generator standards rather than attempting to implement the half-open or full-open MT19937-1 and MT199937-2 algorithms.

This code is based on standard MT19937 C/C++ code by Takuji Nishimura, with suggestions from Topher Cooper and Marc Rieffel, July 1997. The code was originally translated into Java by Michael Lecuyer, January 1999, and is Copyright (c) 1999 by Michael Lecuyer. The included license is as follows:

The basic algorithmic work of this library (appearing in nextInt() and setSeed()) is free software; you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Bug Fixes

This implementation implements the bug fixes made in Java 1.2's version of Random, which means it can be used with earlier versions of Java. See the JDK 1.2 java.util.Random documentation for further documentation on the random-number generation contracts made. Additionally, there's an undocumented bug in the JDK java.util.Random.nextBytes() method, which this code fixes.

Important Note on Seeds

Just like java.util.Random, this generator accepts a long seed but doesn't use all of it. java.util.Random uses 48 bits. The Mersenne Twister instead uses 32 bits (int size). So it's best if your seed does not exceed the int range.

Timings On Different Java Versions

MersenneTwister can be used reliably on JDK version 1.1.5 or above. Earlier Java versions have serious bugs in java.util.Random; only MersenneTwisterFast (and not MersenneTwister nor java.util.Random) should be used with them. And why would you use 'em anyway? They're very slow, as you'll see. Here are some timings in milliseconds on a Sun Creator3D/Ultra 60 running SunOS 5.6.

Standard C Version (gcc -O2)
1070
Standard C Version (Solaris cc -O)
1210
JDK 1.2.2 w/Hotspot Compiler (-O)
MTF: 1785, MT: 3699, java.util.Random: 4849
JDK 1.2.1/1.2.2 (-O)
MTF: 1827, MT: 3868, java.util.Random: 4194
JDK 1.1.8 (-O)
MTF: 40509, MT: 45853, java.util.Random: 24604
Beats me why it's so slow...
JDK 1.1.5 (-O)
MTF: 4056, MT: 20478, java.util.Random: 19692
JDK 1.0.2 (-O)
MTF: 71640, MT: 66176, java.util.Random: 67269
Important note: Do not MersenneTwister.java or java.util.Random on a Java version this early! Random number generation in versions less than 1.1.5 has serious bugs.

Version:
3
See Also:
Serialized Form

Constructor Summary
MersenneTwisterFast()
          Constructor using the default seed.
MersenneTwisterFast(long seed)
          Constructor using a given seed.
 
Method Summary
static void main(java.lang.String[] args)
          Tests the code.
 boolean nextBoolean()
           
 boolean nextBoolean(double probability)
          This generates a coin flip with a probability probability of returning true, else returning false.
 boolean nextBoolean(float probability)
          This generates a coin flip with a probability probability of returning true, else returning false.
 byte nextByte()
           
 void nextBytes(byte[] bytes)
           
 char nextChar()
           
 double nextDouble()
           
 float nextFloat()
           
 double nextGaussian()
           
 int nextInt()
           
 int nextInt(int n)
          Returns an integer drawn uniformly from 0 to n-1.
 long nextLong()
           
 short nextShort()
           
 void setSeed(int[] array)
          An alternative, more complete, method of seeding the pseudo random number generator.
 void setSeed(long seed)
          Initalize the pseudo random number generator.
 void setSeedOld(long seed)
          Initalize the pseudo random number generator.
 
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
 

Constructor Detail

MersenneTwisterFast

public MersenneTwisterFast()
Constructor using the default seed.


MersenneTwisterFast

public MersenneTwisterFast(long seed)
Constructor using a given seed. Though you pass this seed in as a long, it's best to make sure it's actually an integer.

Method Detail

setSeedOld

public final void setSeedOld(long seed)
Initalize the pseudo random number generator. This is the old seed-setting mechanism for the original Mersenne Twister algorithm. You must not use 0 as your seed, and don't pass in a long that's bigger than an int (Mersenne Twister only uses the first 32 bits for its seed). Also it's suggested that for you avoid even-numbered seeds in this older seed-generation procedure.


setSeed

public final void setSeed(int[] array)
An alternative, more complete, method of seeding the pseudo random number generator. array must be an array of 624 ints, and they can be any value as long as they're not *all* zero.


setSeed

public final void setSeed(long seed)
Initalize the pseudo random number generator. Don't pass in a long that's bigger than an int (Mersenne Twister only uses the first 32 bits for its seed).


nextInt

public final int nextInt()

nextShort

public final short nextShort()

nextChar

public final char nextChar()

nextBoolean

public final boolean nextBoolean()

nextBoolean

public final boolean nextBoolean(float probability)
This generates a coin flip with a probability probability of returning true, else returning false. probability must be between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive. Not as precise a random real event as nextBoolean(double), but twice as fast. To explicitly use this, remember you may need to cast to float first.


nextBoolean

public final boolean nextBoolean(double probability)
This generates a coin flip with a probability probability of returning true, else returning false. probability must be between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive.


nextByte

public final byte nextByte()

nextBytes

public final void nextBytes(byte[] bytes)

nextLong

public final long nextLong()

nextDouble

public final double nextDouble()

nextGaussian

public final double nextGaussian()

nextFloat

public final float nextFloat()

nextInt

public final int nextInt(int n)
Returns an integer drawn uniformly from 0 to n-1. Suffice it to say, n must be > 0, or an IllegalArgumentException is raised.


main

public static void main(java.lang.String[] args)
Tests the code.